The
following article was first written in French for the Auroville French magazine
by Alain Bernard. We are thankful to Christine for translating and making this
article available for us.
Auroville
and Tamil Nadu: an enlarged cooperation
The Sustainable Livelihood Institute
A new adventure has started in Auroville:
a cooperation on a large scale between the state of Tamil Nadu and Auroville
for promoting a rural development based on the principles of sustainable
development. Indeed this being a domain in which Auroville can contribute a lot
as many researches and experimentations are taking place in many corners of
Auroville.
Pitchandikulam Forest,
for instance, has already realized several projects in Tamil Nadu and
elsewhere. And it is Joss, founder and manager of Pitchandikulam Forest
who has been at the origin of this project. The new institute located close to
Auroville will be created jointly by Auroville and by the government of Tamil
Nadu. Many units of Auroville had led researches in the domain of sustainable
development. That is why a solid base for a fruitful cooperation does exist
already.
What is quoted below is a
description at once brief and complete of the ambition behind the creation of this
organization.
The SLI is being set up as an autonomously managed institute, jointly
formed and emerging out of an ongoing dialogue between the Tamilnadu Rural
Livelihood Mission and Auroville, in response to the urgent need for new
approaches and thinking in rural development based on the principles of
sustainability.
Tamilnadu’s advanced standards of technology in urban areas are in stark
contrast to its rural poverty, malnutrition and increasing unemployment,
shrinking natural resources, loss of agricultural land and a steady decline in
farming, tendencies made worse by globalisation and climate change.
Sustainable livelihoods are able to provide, without further destroying
the fragile environment, the means for a healthy way of life, a holistic
development, and overall happiness for individuals and communities. SLI
believes that to create such livelihoods is not a utopia, but a necessity and a
realisable aim.
The SLI aspires to be a bridge between Auroville and rural South Asia,
confronting the challenges of globalisation through dynamic localisation,
evolving solutions for a humanity in a rapidly changing world by drawing from
the wealth of traditional sustainable knowledge as well as the inspirations of
the future.
With Auroville as its wider campus, SLI aims to provide a place of
learning, growing, teaching, research, experimentation and exchange in all
aspects of sustainable livelihood. It will offer regular training programmes
for government servants and communities, and platforms where new and pioneering
approaches can be conceived and shared between practitioners, policy makers,
community resource persons, and all those interested in solutions for a sustainable
tomorrow.
The background
As one can see, the ambition is
huge. Needless to say that problems too are huge: India is going to have the dubious
privilege of becoming the most populous country of the earth. Its population
will overtake China’s around 2030 and would stabilize probably in the second
half of this century at about one billion six hundred millions -- adding about four
hundred millions to its present population in the next fifty years. The present
government has a tendency to count a lot on industrial development and foreign
investment. Of course the latter is probably indispensable in view of the huge
needs for development. Nevertheless it might be illusory to bank mainly on big
corporations to provide the millions of jobs that are necessary, for these
enterprises depend a lot on developing automation. A recent report showed that during
the same specific period the organized sector created only a few millions
employments whereas the unorganized sector created more than hundred millions. This
sector includes many precarious jobs in small towns and villages. There is a
lot of scope there for studying, organizing, improving and inventing. It would
be a catastrophe to let the exodus towards cities amplify. Many of these cities
are already collapsing under the weight of uncontrolled growth. Therefore what
is necessary is to revitalize the rural milieu and first of all give a new life
to agricultural development.
Actually India has a great
agricultural potential. One remarkable fact is that India,
although three times smaller, has as many arable lands as China (due to
the latter’s mountains and deserts). The famous green revolution of the sixties
made India
self sufficient but at the cost of a considerable degradation of the soils
impacted by chemical fertilizers. The time has come for a reorientation of the
objectives. There have been already many experiments of organic agriculture
which have given back life to the soil. But agriculture authorities,
functionaries and teachers in agricultural universities are still promoting the
chemical agriculture. So it is a difficult battle that has to be waged. SLI
wants to be at the forefront of this battle and here, the experiments in
Auroville are very important. Notably, one of the experimental farms of Auroville,
Pebble Garden, has been a major source of
inspiration for the ecological Indian movement for years.
If agriculture is central to the
rural world, nevertheless for a harmonious and sustainable development it needs
the addition of various activities and services in order to create a dynamic
milieu in which personal and collective fulfillment can take place. In this
context SLI wants to become a center where those who have already achieved
significant realizations can meet and share their experience of holistic
development in a rural area. Solutions exist but all too often they are ignored
or unrecognized. They need a forum in order to trigger other initiatives and in
return to receive support and a larger audience. Of course these contacts and
relations are not limited by the borders of India. All contributions especially
those from our close neighbours in South Asia will be sought for and welcome.
Beginnings
SLI has started to function from
temporary premises rented from a local proprietor. It so happens that this
building is not far from the site chosen for the campus at the periphery of
Auroville. A team, recently recruited for the most part, prepares and executes
the programmes, under the direction of Ram Subramaniam, a recognized expert,
who is director of SLI during this transitional period.
Since March 2015, programmes have
been organized with more than 400 women belonging to some Women Self Help groups
(a type of women organizations in villages which has become quite popular, with
various results) coming from 25 districts of Tamil Nadu. Some 80 civil servants
from the department of Rural development have also attended the programmes.
Another Indian state, Odisha, has shown interest and has already sent about a
hundred officials here. The State of Puducherry
have expressed their interest for the agricultural programmes. It is quite
remarkable to note that after participating in seminars seven officials of
different districts not only asked SLI to organize programmes for the groups
entrusted to them, but also themselves financed these programmes.
The list of the units of
Auroville which participated in one way or the other in the activities of SLI
(see box above) gives an idea of the variety of the domains to be studied but
this is only the beginning and this list is going to get longer in future, as
Auroville has much more to offer. Some individuals from Auroville have also
contributed to these workshops and here too it is going to grow.
An example
The programmes are as little theoretical
as possible and are largely based on direct contact with practitioners. Most of
the women who come for these learning sessions want to add some income to their
family budget. Too many of them have been the beneficiaries, or rather the
victims, of various programmes proposed by local authorities : they push them
to undertake this or that activity (growing of mushrooms, making of jewels,
making of sanitary napkins, etc.) and
later abandon the whole scheme — either because the official whose pet idea it
was has been transferred, or because it has been belatedly discovered that
there is no market for these items.
For a whole morning, I followed a
group of about 20 women who had come from the region of Tiruvanamalai. They had
come to Auroville for 2 days. We visited Solitude which is an organic farm of
about eight acres close to the Visitors’ Center. The founder of the farm, a
strong Englishman called Krishna, passionate
about nature and about music, received the group and had them walk through the
vegetable/fruit garden under a very hot sun. Even at noon, the interest did not
falter, so convincing were the demonstrations and explanations of Krishna. He was taking in his hands several samples of
soil to show the differences according to the treatmentgiven. The women were nodding
their heads in approval. Krishna explained to
them that here was the key: a patient elaboration and reconstruction of the
soil. He taught them how they could associate several plants in a natural
synergy. His passion was very contagious and those hours spent under a very hot
sun were remarkably pedagogical. It ended with a meal in the Solitude
restaurant where food consists only of what has just been harvested in the
garden. And the local products are cooked in such an imaginative, original and
tasty way that these dishes are indeed worthy of a great restaurant. The next
day the women would work with Krishna in his
farm.
At the end of their stay an
evaluation was conducted. In the particular case of this group, the results
were very encouraging and some women even spoke of a “transforming experience”.
Actually most of the evaluations made regularly after each workshop give very
positive results.
The future campus
The setting up of such a big
project in Auroville is not without its difficulties, although it can be said
that up till now there has been a generous collaboration from many Aurovilians.
Yet some people are against it as they don’t like the fact that some acres of
the precious land of Auroville are given in lease to the Tamil Nadu government
for the construction of the campus of the Institute. Other people are afraid that
buildings without soul or beauty will be constructed, like too often in
government superstructures. Actually this is a point upon which the Governing
Board (which supports enthusiastically the project, believing that is in line
with the deep vocation of Auroville in its relation with Tamil Nadu) has
insisted strongly: “We don’t want the current type of administrative
architecture,” said Dr Karan Singh. This is why the initiator of the project,
Joss, asked several architects of Auroville to work together for imagining an
ecological and novel type of campus. This process known in Auroville as “Dream weaving”
has gone on for several months and the outcome of it is a plan which will be
presented soon to the authorities of Tamil Nadu. Today 3 architects participate
in this group: Fabian, Manu and Mona. At the end, after approval, one of them
will take the responsibility of executing the plan.
The unknown factors
Of course an association with the
government on such a project is fraught with risks and difficulties. Receiving
the money on time is rare and trying to get it is like a race with obstacles. The
support that one gets at the top is not necessarily reflected in zeal amongst
lower level officials. Added to bureaucratic delays, there is also the frequent
transfer of officials. Our interlocutors change and with them the level of
interest and support. This is why we want to establish this institute on a
basis of autonomy and with a guaranteed budget in order to ensure the duration
of the activities. We recently entered a phase of discussions with the highest
authorities in order to arrive at a point of final stabilization as soon as
possible. Later, for the construction of the campus, which we want ecological
and experimental, and which will probably not be compatible with the usual
administrative norms, we will have to fight in order to obtain the necessary
derogations.
In brief, this is an adventure
into a kind of unknown. But the positive experience of these last months is
promising and deserves our involvement and determination. It would be as much a
contribution to a harmonious rural development as the offering to Auroville of
a unique platform of interaction with India and beyond.
Alain Bernard
